Water is essential for life. From the time that primeval species ventured from the oceans to live on land, a major key to survival has been prevention of dehydration. The critical adaptations cross an array of species, including man. Without water, humans can survive only for a few days. Water comprises from 75% body weight in infants to 55% in elderly and is essential for cellular homeostasis and life.1
Water can be soft or hard, spring or well, carbonated or distilled. PiMag® water, for instance, is inspired by water that comes from nature, such as spring water. In addition to the different forms of water to drink directly as a beverage, water is also received from food, found predominantly in fruits and vegetables. The proportion of water that comes from beverages and food varies with the proportion of fruits and vegetables in the diet. In the United States, an estimated 22% of water comes from food intake.2 This percentage is much higher in European countries, particularly in a country like Greece with its higher intake of fruits and vegetables. The same holds true for Asian countries such as China and South Korea—with diets centered on vegetarian and plant-based proteins such as tofu.
Foods that contain high water content (90-99%) include fat-free milk, cantaloupe, strawberries, watermelon, lettuce, celery, spinach, cabbage, cooked squash and even pickles. Other items such as fruit juice, yogurt, apples, grapes, oranges, cooked broccoli, pears and pineapple may contain 80-89% water.
The role of water and hydration in physical activity, particularly in athletes and in the military, has been the target of scientific research. Athletes have been found to lose as much as 6–10% of body weight in sweat loss during competitive events.3 If this loss is not replaced with fluids, dehydration may occur. Rehydration, on the other hand, can help restore fluid balance and may support normal physical performance during endurance activities. Staying adequately hydrated is an important part of maintaining energy and functioning well during physical activities.
Water can influence how well you function on an everyday level. Even mild levels of dehydration may affect how you feel and function, including mood and mental clarity. This can be evident in the very young, very old, those living in extremely hot climates, and those who exercise intensely on a regular basis. Again, rehydration is key to help support normal body function.
To maintain hydration levels throughout the day, you can use the color of your urine as a simple guide. Pale yellow suggests adequate hydration while darker yellow may indicate that you need to replenish quickly. As mentioned above, many foods are water-rich, so try to incorporate them into your daily diet.
